Thermal comfort (PMV and PPD), airflow in halls and swimming pools, day-to-day car park ventilation. We compute in Ansys Fluent and FDS.
Stadiums, production halls, swimming pools and car parks where we modelled airflow without a fire. Click a card to see the scope.
Białystok
Chorten Arena
Football stadium, 22,000 seats
What we checked
Gorzów Wielkopolski
Arena Gorzów
Sports and entertainment arena, 5,050 seats
What we checked
Photo: Wikimedia Commons, photo by User:DXgorzow, CC BY-SA 4.0
Warsaw
LIXA
Office complex, 5 buildings
What we checked
Katowice
Francuska Park
Housing estate with underground car parks
What we checked
Warsaw
Apartamenty Beethovena
Residential building, 6 storeys
What we checked
Visualisation: Dom Development S.A. (developer's materials)
Gdańsk
Gaja Park
Housing estate, 81 apartments
What we checked
Visualisation: developer's materials, via korter.com.pl
Warsaw
Amsterdam estate
Housing estate with an underground car park
What we checked
Visualisation: nowawarszawa.pl, visualisation by Dom Development
Poznań
Verde estate
Housing estate, 3 buildings
What we checked
Visualisation: obido.pl, visualisation by Murapol
No projects in this category.
Thermal comfort
Thermal comfort is one of the main factors that make occupants perceive conditions in air-conditioned spaces positively. Assessing comfort indices shows how well the general ventilation performs in different weather conditions, including extreme ones.
Because these factors interact, assessing comfort is complicated - comfortable conditions cannot be defined unambiguously for an individual occupant. That is why we use statistical indices.
Seven-point PMV scale (Predicted Mean Vote)
Indices
The predicted mean thermal sensation vote on a seven-point scale. ASHRAE 55 requires PMV to stay between −0.5 and +0.5, which corresponds to fewer than 10% of people dissatisfied.
The predicted percentage of dissatisfied occupants. It gives a statistical estimate of the share of occupants who will find the thermal conditions uncomfortable and lets us classify the space as acceptable or not.
PMV distribution map for the analysed space
Methodology
As with fire simulations, we use FDS - a tool for modelling low-speed flows of gases of varying density, which is also useful for assessing the performance of air conditioning and general ventilation. FDS output is the basis for calculating the comfort indices.
To process large amounts of data we use our own program written in Python, based on ASHRAE 55 and EN ISO 7730 (PN-EN ISO 7730). The script batch-reads air temperature and velocity from the FDS output files, combines them with quasi-constant parameters and builds a two-dimensional result matrix, which it then maps to a PMV and PPD distribution for every cell of the 3D model mesh. We also draw on the calculation methods of the CBE Thermal Comfort Tool from the University of California, Berkeley.
Knowledge base
Turbulence models, mesh validation and verification against international standards.
Car parks Jet fan ventilation and smoke control in underground car parks 
Stairwells Smoke venting and pressurisation of stairs, corridors and lobbies 
Complex buildings Stadiums, halls, malls, theatres, museums and towers 
Evacuation simulations Egress models: stadiums, halls, towers, malls 
Infrastructure Road and rail tunnels, metro, stations 
International projects Middle East, Europe, the Americas Describe the space and the ventilation system - we will prepare a PMV/PPD analysis with a distribution map.
